With numerous transliteration systems in use, the inconsistency is wild. For example, "For Hanukkah at the synagogue Beith Sheer Chayyim, Isaac donned his talis that Yitzchak sent him from Bet Qehila in Tsfat, Israel." Conflicting systems of transliteration often appear in the same text, as certain Hebrew words tend to associate with certain traditions of transliteration. Consequently in general usage there are often no hard and fast rules in Hebrew-to-English transliteration, and many transliterations are an approximation due to lack of equivalence between the English and Hebrew alphabets. There are various transliteration standards or systems for Hebrew-to-English, no one system has significant common usage across all fields. For example ArtScroll publications generally transliterate more words relative to sources such as the Jewish Encyclopedia 1911, or Jewish Publication Society texts. These terms were in many cases also first transliterated into Greek and Latin before English.ĭifferent publishers have different transliteration policies. In the cases of Hebrew transliteration into English many Hebrew words have a long history of transliteration, for example Amen, Satan, ephod, Urim and Thummim have traditionally been transliterated, not translated. Transliteration of a foreign word into another language is usually the exception to translation, and often occurs when there is something distinctive about the word in the original language, such as a double entendre, uniqueness, religious, cultural or political significance. The use of a Hindi word in English such as " khaki" (originally खाकी) is transliteration. The use of a French word in English without translation, such as " bourgeois" is not transliteration. Transliteration assumes two different script systems. Where these are formalized these are known as "transliteration systems," and, where only some words, not all, are transliterated, this is known as "transliteration policy." Both Hebraization of English and Romanization of Hebrew are forms of transliteration. To go the other way, that is from English to Hebrew, see Hebraization of English. The term transliteration means using an alphabet to represent the letters and sounds of a word spelled in another alphabet, whereas the term transcription means using an alphabet to represent the sounds only. Usually it is to identify a Hebrew word in a non-Hebrew language that uses the Latin alphabet, such as German, Spanish, Turkish, and so on. Romanization includes any use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words. The romanization of Hebrew is the use of the Latin alphabet to transliterate Hebrew words.įor example, the Hebrew name spelled יִשְׂרָאֵל ("Israel") in the Hebrew alphabet can be romanized as Yisrael or Yiśrāʼēl in the Latin alphabet. Hebrew uses the Hebrew alphabet with optional vowel points. For phonetic transcription, see International Phonetic Alphabet for Hebrew. For Hebraization of English, see Hebraization of English. This article is about the Romanization of Hebrew.
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